Marc Rowan, co-founder of global private-equity firm Apollo Global Management, spent decades buying companies with an eye toward improving them with new capital, leadership, accountability and operating strategies.

He used a similar strategy to shape a charity that seeks to improve educational access and social mobility in Israel. Mr. Rowan credits a strong education for his own success and said he wanted to provide the same opportunity to students who may not have had the same access to quality education.

One of the private-equity tools Mr. Rowan helped Darca adopt was an organizational focus on greater accountability among school leadership for measuring results and planning for unexpected challenges, according to Mr. Pereg. That included changing school leaders early when they don’t measure up, Mr. Rowan said.

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